基于对数正态分布的多部位疲劳结构的疲劳寿命预测方法

以实现多部位疲劳结构的寿命预测为目的,基于概率累积损伤法则,推导了基于寿命服从对数正态分布的概率疲劳寿命预测方法。根据损伤临界值与应力水平无关这一前提条件,将损伤临界值由传统确定性的值1转换为随机变量,累积损伤由确定性的中值损伤计算,建立了"中值累积损伤-概率损伤临界值"干涉模型。当对数寿命标准差恒定时,对比了所提出模型和基于Monte Carlo仿真的Miner累积损伤方法的寿命预测结果,验证了模型的准确性以及其方便快捷的优点;当对数寿命标准差变化时,损伤临界值由满足损伤等效的应力基准决定,此时亦可得到高精度的偏于安全的寿命预测结果。     

复合材料胶补飞机损伤金属结构疲劳寿命分析

针对复合材料单面胶接修理飞机损伤金属结构疲劳寿命分析时,多种失效模式耦合作用、残余热应力和附加弯曲力矩以及裂纹非均匀扩展的影响,提出了一种能够综合考虑上述影响因素的复合材料修理损伤金属结构疲劳寿命评估方法。算例分析结果与试验结果吻合,表明本文方法可为复合材料单面胶接修理损伤金属结构疲劳寿命估算提供参考。     

Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.     

航空发动机材料寿命问题探讨

归纳了航空发动机材料的变形损伤机理,强调了变形物理机制模型在部件设计和全寿命预测管理方面的应用     

Assessing the feasibility of involving gaseous products resulting from physicochemical oxidation of human liquid and solid wastes in the cycling of a bio-technical life support system

The study addresses the possible ways of involving gaseous products produced by “wet” incineration of human wastes mixed with H₂O₂ in an alternating electric field in the cycling of the physical model of a bio-technical life support system (BTLSS). The resulting gas mixture contains CO₂ and O₂, which are easily involved in the cycling in the closed ecosystem, and NH₃, which is unacceptable in the atmosphere of the BTLSS. NH₃ fixation has been proposed, which is followed by nitrification and involvement of the resulting products in the mass exchange of the closed system. Experiments have been performed to show that plants can be grown in the atmosphere resulting from the closing of the gas loop that includes a physicochemical installation and a growth chamber with plants representing the phototrophic compartment of the BTLSS. The results of the study suggest the conclusion that the proposed method of organic waste oxidation can be a useful tool in creating a physical model of a closed-loop integrated BTLSS.     

Fatigue crack propagation of new aluminum lithium alloy bonded with titanium alloy strap

A new type of aluminum lithium alloy (Al-Li alloy) Al-Li-S-4 was investigated by test in this paper. Alloy plate of 400 mm · 140 mm · 6 mm with single edge notch was made into samples bonded with Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti alloy) strap by FM 94 film adhesive after the surface was treated. Fatigue crack growth of samples was investigated under cyclic loading with stress ratio (R) of 0.1 and load amplitude constant. The results show that Al-Li alloy plate bonded with Ti alloy strap could retard fatigue crack propagation. Retardation effect is related with width and thickness of strap. Flaws have an observable effect on crack propagation direction.     

金属任意腐蚀损伤量的日历寿命计算模型和曲线

国际机械日历寿命研究,都是在假设已知腐蚀损伤容限Dc的前提下,求在这个Dc下的金属日历寿命。为了便于应用,本文不再假设腐蚀损伤容限Dc为已知数,而是把Dc当做变量,求金属任意腐蚀损伤量Di的日历寿命。本文通过多方面深入研究,发现腐蚀试验溶液的浓度dt与试验时间Ht的乘积除以试验获得的腐蚀损伤Dt等于一个常数。由此给出一种简单易行的金属任意腐蚀损伤量日历寿命的计算模型和相应的求解曲线。由此模型或曲线,可求得金属任意腐蚀损伤量的日历寿命。     

民用航空发动机引气系统部件寿命建模

针对飞机维修工作中发动机引气系统故障率较高问题,以寿命数据分析为基础,运用威布尔分布模型定量评估航空发动机部件可靠性,建立了民用航空发动机引气系统部件可靠性寿命模型。以V2500发动机引气系统为例,收集了该系统的可靠性数据,分析了部件的非计划拆换情况。在数据计算过程中采用3参数威布尔分布模型对引气系统部件的寿命数据进行拟合。假设检验结果表明,在对部件进行寿命可靠性分析时,运用威布尔分布建立的数学模型符合客观规律,且能够取得良好的拟合效果。依据计算出的部件可靠性特征量对部件的可靠性状况进行定量评估,结果表明:在评估复杂机械电子系统的可靠性时,威布尔分布模型具有较大应用价值。     

基于模型的载人航天器研制方法研究与实践

载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题，传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求，亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求，提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系，定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型，提出了基于模型的研制流程，包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节，并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础，系统地验证了提出的方法。     

舱段结构热振耦合环境下仿真分析

针对武器装备对环境适应性要求不断提高的现状,以某舱段结构为研究对象,基于高加速应力筛选试验(HASS)条件,研究了结构在温变-振动耦合环境下的失效机理。首先,结合HASS试验剖面,确定了载荷条件,建立有限元模型;其次,采用ANSYS Workbench软件分析得到结构温度场分布及应力响应,确定了结构危险位置,并对其疲劳寿命进行计算分析,为舱段结构的失效分析及HASS试验剖面的合理制定提供依据和指导。